The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) revolves around the integration of sensors with compact computing devices like Arduino boards. This fusion enables a multitude of applications, ranging from surveillance monitoring to automated door locking and smart farming. A pivotal component of IoT systems is the dashboard, which serves as a hub for visualizing …
A Simple Data Visualization Web App Using Streamlit Library Read More »
The two or three-dimensional mapping of crystals in reciprocal space is known as reciprocal space mapping (RSM). The RSM is performed by a coupled scan of $2\theta-\omega$ for a set of $\omega$ values. These maps, centered around reciprocal lattice spots, offer insights beyond those obtained from single line scans, such as high-resolution rocking curves. In epitaxial …
The pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method is a widely known thin film growth technique for its potential in growing highly crystalline oxide thin films with near stoichiometry on an ultra-thin scale. Various thin film deposition techniques are used to prepare thin films and superlattices such as sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy, PLD, thermal evaporation method, chemical …
Pulsed Laser Deposition Technique for Thin Film Growth Read More »
Density Functional Theory (DFT) stands as a cornerstone in the realm of quantum mechanics, serving as a powerful tool for understanding the electronic structure and properties of materials. In this article, we will embark on a journey to demystify DFT, exploring its fundamental principles, applications in material science and physics, and the practical aspects of …
Density Functional Theory: A Key to Unlock Quantum Insights Read More »
In the realm of physics, certain principles serve as the bedrock upon which our understanding of motion and its governing laws is built. One such fundamental concept is the Impulse-Momentum Theorem. This theorem, which lies at the intersection of classical mechanics and Newtonian dynamics, provides invaluable insights into the behavior of objects in motion and …
Referring to spin-orbit coupling as the “dance of mini magnets” is a metaphorical way to capture the essence of this quantum phenomenon. Let’s break down the comparison: By combining these elements, the metaphor “dance of mini magnets” paints a vivid picture of the lively and magnetic interplay between the spin and orbital motion of electrons …
Spin orbit torque based magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM) are non-volatile memory devices which make use of spin based transport electronics named as spintronics. In such devices, capacitors in conventional memory devices are replaced by a trilayer structure called magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). As spin is non-volatile, it overcomes the charge leakage associated with conventional …
Fundamental Concepts of Spin-Orbit torque based Magnetic RAM Read More »
Statistical testing methods are used in machine learning to ensure that a finding is statistically significant. Hypothesis testing most commonly termed statistical testing evaluates two mutually exclusive statements about a population and determines which among the two statements best describe the experimental/sample data. Hypothesis testing is a statistical method to determine whether two samples have …
An activation function in deep learning is a nonlinear transformation applied to the node output before passing it to the consequent layers in neural networks. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) consist of multiple layers interconnected. Mainly there will be an input layer, output layer and one or more hidden layers. Inspired by the biological neural networks, …
Large language models (LLM) are general purpose language models in deep learning. The foremost word “Large” in LLM indicates a large training dataset which is often in the petabyte scale with an enormous number of parameters. General purpose means the models are capable of handling common problems in our day today life. The BERT model …