Conceptual

Spin orbit torque based magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM) are non-volatile memory devices which make use of spin based transport electronics named as spintronics. In such devices, capacitors in conventional memory devices are replaced by a trilayer structure called magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). As spin is non-volatile, it overcomes the charge leakage associated with conventional

An activation function in deep learning is a nonlinear transformation applied to the node output before passing it to the consequent layers in neural networks. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) consist of multiple layers interconnected. Mainly there will be an input layer, output layer and one or more hidden layers. Inspired by the biological neural networks,

Sputtering is a physical vapour deposition (PVD) method use for thin film growth. Like any other physical vapour deposition, sputtering involves the deposition of an atom, ion or molecule corresponding to a target material onto the substrate. Sputtering employs electrical generation of plasma between the target material, which is the material to be deposited and

Ensemble models in machine learning combine the output of multiple models to build a better performing model as compared to the individual models. The individual models whose output are used for the process of ensemble modeling are called baseline models or base estimators. The objective behind this approach of ensemble learning is to alleviate the

Overview Birds are an incredibly diverse group of animals found all over the Earth. With over 10,000 known species, they come in all shapes, sizes, and colours, and they play a vital role in maintaining the delicate balance of ecosystems around the world. One of the most important roles that birds play is that of